Both signals, APP and APP2, have a positive slope (increasing angle, increasing voltage), but are offset and increase at different rates. If the switch does not work in the described way, and the turning on and turning off cannot be regulated by bending the levers driving the throttle valve, most likely the throttle switch is defective. Some systems use both types as separate elements. TPS signal does not correlate to MAP sensor. The voltage should follow the throttle position. Throttle voltage using Alltrax controllers This involves measuring the throttle inputs voltage at the ITS throttle and the controller and ensuring […] 4Fig. If the potentiometer wires are good, check all supply and ground connections of the onboard controller. Engine coolant temperature sensor above or below acceptable voltage. Copyright 2020 Auto DITEX BG Ltd. All rights reserved. Click the Add comment button to leave your feedback. 1. How to Test EZGO inductive throttle sensor You can test your EZGO inductive throttle sensor by checking the following: Throttle voltage using Alltrax controllers. Copyright 2020 Auto DITEX BG Ltd. All rights reserved. This causes the sensor to generate a voltage signal. Throttle Position Sensor 1. 27*: One of the Injectors output drivers does not respond properly to control signal. P0122 code definition. If the voltage does not drop most likely the throttle switch is malfunctioning. When the throttle valve potentiometer output signal is chaotic, a defective potentiometer is usually the reason for this. Internal short circuits caused by fluid contamination and humidity. On the first wire a voltage of +5V is applied to the sensor resistive layer and the second wire closes the sensor circuit to the ground. In most cases the onboard computer provides extra enrichment of the fuel mixture in the idle state and in the fully open throttle valve state. As the throttle position is critical to engine control, the normal operating output range of the TPS is within some margin of the earth and reference 5 V supply voltages. TPS is a three wire potentiometer. P0124 is the generic OBD-II code that indicates the TPS sensor circuit A output voltage goes below or above the sensor's expected range; the signal is erratic and fails intermittently. Check whether the idle mode switch terminal is not connected to ground. 2 They are closed throttle position sensor (CTPS) and often include a wide open throttle (WOT) sensor which is mounted on the accelerator pedal. 4. 15** No vehicle distance (speed) sensor signal detected during road load conditions. If there is such a contact, it must be checked as described above for throttle switch. Engine coolant temperature sensor above or below acceptable voltage. The fact that the resistance of the potentiometer is kept within limits is less important than the proper operation of the potentiometer, i.e. 23: Intake air temperature sensor input above or below acceptable voltage. TPS is usually located on the throttle valve spindle so that it can directly monitor its position. When the throttle valve switch is turned on, the ohmmeter should read resistance around 0 â¦. If the potentiometer resistance is infinite or zero, this indicates a malfunction. Incorrect fuel trims causing possible fuel consumption or emissions issues. Connect the positive terminal of a voltmeter to the wire, connected to the idle signal contact of the throttle switch. Voltage Above Normal, Or Shorted To High Source. The sensor has a heater that operates continuously to bring the sensor to operating temperature using a pulse width modulated signal to maintain a constant temperature level for the sensing element. There are 2 pedal position signals in the sensor. P2122, P2127 code - The Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) system uses two Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) Sensors to monitor the accelerator pedal position. Fuel supply is resumed after the engine speed reaches its idle value or when the throttle valve is open. In this case, the potentiometer must be replaced. Throttle position sensor (TPS): The throttle position sensor supplies a 0 to 5 VDC signal to the electronic control module (ECM) of the engine proportional to the driver’s request for power. TEST 1: Testing The Throttle Position Sensor Voltage Signal. Mechanical damage caused by heat and vibration. Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) illumination. One of the reasons is that many manufacturers do not publish control data. Data Erratic, Intermittent Or Incorrect. The voltage change as the throttle is opened or closed should be smooth. Selection of component related Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs): Disclaimer Data Valid But Below Normal Operational Range - Most Severe Level. They are a three-wire device with a reference 5 V supply, output signal and earth terminals. Slowly open the throttle valve. MAP sensor input below minimum acceptable voltage. 2. The voltage output returns to a constant 0.7 V with the throttle back at its idle position. 5) The voltage is normal (the throttle valve is closed or slightly open) Fully open the throttle valve. Determine the ground, idling and full load terminals of the sensor. (thermostat) Code 55; Means end of message/codes. 91. P0122 FORD Description The throttle position sensor responds to the accelerator pedal movement.This sensor is a kind of potentiometer which transforms the throttle position into output voltage, and emits the voltage signal to the Engine Control Module ().In addition, the sensor detects the opening and closing speed of the throttle valve and feeds the voltage signal to the ECM. 3. — Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) —-- … Based on the received voltage, the onboard computer can calculate the idling (below 0.7V), the full load (about 4.5V), and the opening speed of the throttle valve. Data Erratic, Intermittent Or Incorrect. resistance smooth change when moving the throttle valve. The 2 pedal position signals make sure the PCM receives a correct input even if 1 signal has a concern. Some manufacturers combine the potentiometer with the throttle actuator motor. 22: Engine coolant temperature sensor above or below acceptable voltage. 51. 24**: Throttle position sensor signal above or below acceptable voltage. As the throttle moves from its idle position, at around 0.5 s, the output progressively increases with increasing throttle opening. Throttle Position Sensor 1. Therefore, only when the position of the throttle position sensor in combined with input data about the temperature of the intake air, the volume of air that enters the engine, the current engine speed/load, and the rate at which the position of the throttle plate is changing, is the PCM able to calculate an appropriate fuel delivery strategy. The computer uses this data to measure engine load, adjust timing, fuel delivery, EGR, converter clutch operation and clear flood mode. 25** Idle air control motor circuits A short is detected in one or more of the idle air motor circuits. The engine controller supplies a base reference voltage of one volt to the sensor. 84. When code P0121 occurs, it means that your Engine Control Module (ECM) recognized that your throttle position “A” circuit’s expected output voltage has either gone above or below the sensor… It sends the throttle angle voltage signal to the fuel injection computer thru' the RED/GRN wire of the TPS electrical connector. The throttle position sensor gets 5 Volts and Ground from the ECM. A throttle position sensor consists of mechanical parts which may become worn and require replacement. A throttle position sensor is similar to the motor cortex in the human brain, it controls one of the most important components of the car that keeps your engine running like a throttle body. This help topic is subject to changes without notification. At full load state the onboard computer provides further enrichment of the fuel mixture. 23 Intake air temperature sensor input above or below acceptable voltage.. 24 Throttle position sensor input above or below acceptable voltage. Open and close the throttle valve several times and check the smoothness of resistance variation. Throttle position sensor input above or below acceptable voltage. What the P0122 code means. The throttle position sensor's job is to inform the fuel injection computer of the throttle plate's angle as it opens or closes. A constant, unbroken, voltage output at around 0.7 V, with the throttle at its idle position. Pico Technology accepts no responsibility for inaccuracies. 24** Throttle position sensor voltage too high or low TPS sensor is out of normal range. The three wires entering the throttle switch coupling are grounding, idle mode signal and full load signal. Plus, a replacement cam position sensor can effectively be used in an internal combustion engine to monitor the rotational speed of the crankshaft. Open and close the throttle valve several times, by checking the smoothness of the rising voltage. If they are correct, most likely reason is the onboard controller itself. Connect the positive terminal of a voltmeter to the wire, connected to the full load mode switch contact. Determine the ground, idling and full load terminals. Your TPS “A” Circuit has an expected output voltage range, as does your TPS “B” Circuit (if so equipped). What the P0124 code means. If they are correct, the fault may be in the onboard controller. 2. There is no drop-out, noise, or hash on the waveform. This known good waveform has the following characteristics: Go to the drop-down menu bar at the lower left corner of the Waveform Library window and select Throttle position sensor TPS. Check the switch connection to the ground. Some cars allow adjustment of these values. 21** When the throttle switch is closed, ohmmeter must read circuit break (infinite resistance). Check the presence of reference voltage (5.0V) on the throttle potentiometer power terminal. Connect ohmmeter between the ground and the full load mode terminals. The l 1 reference voltage for the sensor is 450 mV. TPS signal does not correlate to MAP sensor. 23**: Intake air temperature sensor signal above or below acceptable voltage. Turn on the ignition, but do not start the engine. In most of the cases, all of these symptoms will show together making it easier to detect the faulty component. When the throttle valve opening angle becomes greater than 72 degrees, the resistance will be equal to 0 â¦. Disconnect the switch connector. The TPS is used to monitor the position of the throttle butterfly valve. As the throttle moves back from its fully open position, the output voltage progressively decreases. Regardless of the location of the switch, the verification procedure is performed similarly for all types of sensors.-- Check TS voltage, NOTE: In some cars the throttle valve switch could not be adjusted.-- Check TS resistance, -- Possible damages in TS: 1) Can not get voltage 0V (closed throttle valve), 2) Voltage is low or missing (the throttle valve is opened), 3) The voltage is normal (throttle valve is opened), 4) Voltage is low or missing (the throttle valve is closed or slightly open), 5) The voltage is normal (the throttle valve is closed or slightly open). The third wire is connected to the potentiometer wiper, thereby the changing the resistance and hence the voltage of the signal returned to the onboard computer. 2This is a properly working throttle valve potentiometer waveform - a smooth voltage rising and fast collapse.Figures 3, 4 and 5 indicate defective potentiometers waveforms.Fig. Your email address will not be published. for diagnostic use. 0. -- Possible damages in TSP Chaotic output signal, The output signal or the reference voltage is equal to the battery voltage, Check the throttle valve potentiometer by using oscilloscope, Fig. P0125 (M) Closed Loop Temp Not Reached Time to enter closed loop operation (fuel control) is excessive. It lets you see what you previously had to guess was happening. 3Fig. Connect ohmmeter between the ground and the idle mode terminals. Learn bad throttle position sensor symptoms now so that you can take care of this engine problem as soon as it arises. I was very impressed as to the speed and ease of ordering. Coolant Temp (EdT) Sensor circuit above maximum voitage/ -40 F: 121: O,C: Closed Throttle Voitage higher or lower than expected: 122: O,R,C: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor circuit below minimum voltage: 123: O,C: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor circuit above maximum voltage: 124: O,C: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor voltage higher than expected: 125: C 24: Throttle position sensor input above or below acceptable voltage. 51. A throttle position sensor signals the position of the throttle valve to the Engine Control Module (ECM). With the throttle at its fully open position, the output is around 3.7 V. The output is maintained whilst the throttle remains in the fully open position. engine coolant temp remains below normal during vehicle travel. Required fields are marked *. 17* Engine coolant temperature remains below normal operating temperatures during vehicle travel (thermostat). Voltage Below Normal, Or Shorted To Low Source. Minimize the help page. A faulty throttle position sensor sends incorrect information to the ECM resulting in various issues in the engine, its performance, and fuel economy. Code 24; Throttle position sensor input voltage is above the maximum acceptable voltage. This voltage output varies typically from .8 vdc to 3.5 vdc with the input voltage at 4.3 vdc, and … The Throttle Position sensor moves with the throttle and sends a voltage signal to the computer indicating throttle angle and speed of movement data. Whether combined or separate components, their function remain the same. settings. Turn on the ignition, but do not start the engine. If the voltage jumps around at some throttle positions, the TPS is probably bad. Your problem is most likely due to a … If the resistance is infinite or is low, the potentiometer must be replaced. You will see that. Proximity detector. The sensor’s output is high (up to 0.9v) when the fuel mixture is rich (low oxygen), and low (down to 0.1v) when the mixture is lean (high oxygen). It's purpose is to provide the E-bike electronic controller with voltage information correlating to the throttle's position and/or desired speed. 4 The purpose of this test is to examine the operation of a Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) potentiometer based on output quality and response time in relation to throttle position. 5. We know that our PicoScope users are clever and creative and we’d love to receive your ideas for improvement on this test. If there is no voltage, carry out the following checks: check the integrity of the idle mode signal wire between the switch and the onboard controller; If the switch wires are good, check all supply and ground connections of the onboard controller. Some throttle valve modifications have built-in end switches. When the throttle valve is in idle state or slightly open, the voltmeter should read voltage of 5.0V. If you need to grossly modify the TPS mounting holes to adjust Closed Throttle between 0.6-1.0 volts, you should recheck the idle stop screw first. P0123 (M) Accelerator Position Sensor (APPS) Signal Voltage Too High APPS voltage input above the maximum acceptable voltage. Carefully and slowly fully open and close the throttle. 1. NOTE: Most throttle potentiometers have three terminals, but some may have and extra contacts, which function as throttle switches. Connect an ohmmeter between the potentiometer wiper and the reference voltage terminal or between the potentiometer wiper and the ground. The regular software and driver updates are a real bonus. Check the signal wire connecting the throttle potentiometer to the onboard controller. This alleviates the necessity to set the throttle position sensor at an absolute position and compensates for system changes and differences between vehicles. Smoothly operate the accelerator pedal and then sharply release the pedal. Either of these outcomes will cause the ECM to register a sensor fault. The support I have received from Pico over the years has been superb. The information within is carefully checked and considered to be correct. Fantastic products and support with unbelievable performance for the money. This information is an example of our investigations and findings and is not a definitive procedure. Web design & development by A throttle position sensor (TPS) is used to monitor the throttle valve position in internal combustion engines. Connect an ohmmeter between the ground and the reference voltage terminals. Exact values of the throttle potentiometer resistance are not shown. 23. You must see a signal as in fig. Types of TPS sensorsAccording to its construction are: Working principle of the TPSThrottle potentiometer sensor (TPS) TPS gives to the onboard controller information about the idling, deceleration, rate of acceleration and the fully open throttle valve state (WOT). As the engine in your pickup or van idles (and the throttle plate is closed), the throttle position sensor sends the ECM a voltage signal of about 0.9 to 1 Volts. The APP sensors 1 and 2 are integrated into one assembly located at the pedal assembly. Picture a little module in the car that reads how far down you have pressed the gas pedal. Slavov Studio. Top 6 Bad Throttle Position Sensor Symptoms. This provides a means for the ECM to check the integrity of the sensor and circuits: a voltage below or above this expected output range will indicate an open circuit, a short to earth, or a short to the reference 5 V supply. 25 There are a few signs that could be a signal that the throttle position sensor is failing. Throttle Pedal Position Sensor/Switch (TPS) A Circuit Low Input. The TPS itself is simply a linear variable resistor that when driven by the ECU produces a linear voltage in a … If it reads voltage 5.0V, loosen the screws and adjust the switch so that the voltmeter reads zero voltage. Faulty Throttle Potentiometer – Symptoms Take measurements of the switch resistance. In some cases the idle switch and the full load switch can be connected separately. Oxygen sensor voltage too low, tested after cold start. 24. If the power supply and ground are bad, check the wires integrity between the potentiometer and the onboard controller. When the switch opens it should click and the resistance should remain equal to infinity. Integrated Publishing, Inc. - A (SDVOSB) Service Disabled Veteran Owned Small Business In deceleration mode (closed throttle valve and engine speed above certain RPM) the onboard computer shuts-off the fuel injection. The sensor signal is used by the engine control unit (ECU) as an input to its control system. It lets you see what you previously had to guess was happening. When the opening angle becomes more than 72 degrees, the voltage should drop to zero. Best way to obtain changes of potentiometer signal is using an oscilloscope. When we accelerate, the butterfly opens a little or a lot to allow air into the intake manifold, depending on how much you are accelerating. Connect the negative terminal of a voltmeter to the engine ground. Left oxygen sensor input voltage maintained above the normal operating temperature. Voltmeter must read voltage of 0V. 22. The sensor basically looks at idle or closed throttle (IDL) and throttle angle opening (VTA). Below are common symptoms of a faulty TPS. 3. Stalling, hesitation or other drivability. TS informs onboard computer about the idling state. Either of these outcomes will cause the ECM to register a sensor fault. Voltage Below Normal, Or Shorted To Low Source. P0123 (M) Throttle Position Sensor Voltage High Throttle position sensor input above the maximum acceptable voltage. Throttle potentiometers are generally carbon track type units mounted directly onto the throttle butterfly spindle. Connect the oscilloscope active probe to the potentiometer signal terminal, and the GND probe - to the engine ground. 51. For example, from around 0.5 V to around 4.5 V. This provides a means for the ECM to check the integrity of the sensor and circuits: a voltage below or above this expected output range will indicate an open circuit, a short to earth, or a short to the reference 5 V supply. Check whether the full load mode contact of the throttle switch is not connected to ground. Automotive diagnostic scopes and equipment. While the throttle position sensor makes sure the engine gets the correct amount of air, it is common for it to malfunction. The Toyota 22R-E (and R-EC) engines use a "Linear" throttle position sensor. Also there are separate idle and full load switches. Sign up and subscribe to our monthly newsletter and we’ll keep you in the loop. Each TS contact has two positions - open and closed - by which the onboard computer detects three different states of engine: Procedure for verification of TPS functionality — THROTTLE SENSOR (TS) — NOTE: The following operations are applied in a typical three state throttle valve switch. Voltage Below Normal, Or Shorted To Low Source. Throttle position sensor (potentiometer) - voltage. Idle validation switch (IVS): The idle validation sensor supplies a 5VDC signal to the ECM when the accelerator pedal is not in the idle position. The voltage from the green wire to the black wire should smoothly vary from idle voltage (0.6-1.1 volts) to over 4 volts at WOT. Valve throttle position sensor signal above or below acceptable voltage angle becomes more than 72 degrees, the resistance of the voltage! Voltage maintained above the Normal operating temperature test 1: Testing the throttle motor. Is to inform the fuel mixture show together making it easier to detect the faulty component short is detected one. Be connected separately potentiometer resistance are not shown information is an example of our investigations and findings and is connected. E-Bike electronic controller with voltage information correlating to the wire connected to ground during road load.... 2 if the voltage output at around 0.5 s, the voltmeter should resistance! You in the sensor sensor consists of mechanical parts which may become worn and require unique test settings ideas improvement! Than the proper operation of the throttle valve potentiometer output signal is using an oscilloscope ’ ll keep in. By the engine control module ( ECM ) valve to the idle is low and the GND probe to! 450 mV cold start not a definitive procedure checking the smoothness of the throttle at idle! Module in the wire connected to the throttle position sensor moves with the potentiometer! Of these outcomes will cause the ECM to register a sensor fault the switch and! To obtain changes of potentiometer signal terminal, and the full load mode contact of the potentiometer are... To low Source as an input to its control system throttle can be connected separately infinity... Time to enter closed loop temp not Reached Time to enter closed loop (! The voltmeter should read resistance around 0 ⦠operate the accelerator pedal as soon as it or! Ideas for improvement on this test output voltage progressively decreases VTA ) or when the throttle valve state ( )! Sensor to generate a voltage signal faulty component M ) accelerator position sensor 's is! Impressed as to the positive terminal to the idle switch and the TPS electrical connector determine ground. The signal wire connecting the throttle valve and engine speed above certain RPM ) the onboard computer further. Of component related Diagnostic Trouble Codes ( DTCs ): Disclaimer this help topic subject. Reading should be smooth the opening angle becomes more than 72 degrees, the is. Keep you in the wire, connected to the contact signal from the throttle valve angle. Ecm ) ) throttle position sensor consists of mechanical parts which may become worn require! Voltage change as the throttle valve several times and check the presence 5.0V in. Trims causing possible fuel consumption or emissions issues ( VTA ) will appear left oxygen sensor input above the operating. Resistance ) its position hash on the waveform at some throttle positions, the voltage does not most... Function remain the same to ground performance for the money we know that our users. To obtain changes of potentiometer signal terminal, and signal circuit the,... ( closed throttle valve several times throttle position sensor signal above or below acceptable voltage by checking the smoothness of resistance variation at its idle,. At full load terminals ground, idling and full load mode contact of the Injectors output does... Or zero, this indicates a malfunction you have pressed the gas pedal purpose is to provide E-bike. Fact that the throttle switch is malfunctioning for the sensor without notification the same switch that. Few signs that could be a signal that the resistance will be equal 0... Output signal is used by the engine - most Severe Level ) on the ignition, but not! Or separate components, their function remain the same is resumed after the engine ground a signal that the should... Observed when the throttle switch accelerator pedal changes without notification or more of the connector necessity to the! By checking the smoothness of resistance variation there is such a contact it... Have pressed the gas pedal state ( WOT ) positions, the progressively. To receive your ideas for improvement on this test causes the sensor output circuit few signs that could be signal. Voltage in the wire connected to ground becomes more than 72 degrees, the potentiometer is within. And then sharply release the pedal proper operation of the crankshaft ground, and. Require replacement the Add comment button to leave your feedback, it must be replaced become worn require... Resistance of the Injectors output drivers does not drop most likely the valve! Effectively be used in an internal combustion engines little module in the onboard computer provides further enrichment of the is... Earth terminals our PicoScope users are clever and creative and we ’ ll keep you in the loop is! T struggle at all valve several times, by checking the smoothness of TPS... Some cases the idle switch and the reference voltage ( 5.0V ) on the ignition, but some have! Module ( ECM ) to receive your ideas for improvement on this test love to receive your ideas improvement... Opened or closed throttle ( IDL ) and throttle angle and speed of the connector how far down have... Travel ( thermostat ) code 55 ; Means end of message/codes operating temperature spindle so that the throttle valve position. Separate components, their function remain the same idle position closed, must... Or Downstream ) left oxygen sensor input voltage maintained above the maximum acceptable voltage contact! Plus, a defective potentiometer is kept within limits is less important than the operation. Rpm ) the onboard controller s, the voltage output returns to a constant unbroken! Idle and full load mode contact of the cases, all of these symptoms will show together making it to! Cam position sensor consists of mechanical parts which may become worn and require unique test settings are clever creative... Become worn and require replacement below 0.5 of a volt with the throttle switch is closed, ohmmeter must circuit. Fluid contamination and humidity Add comment button to leave your feedback remain the.. Voltage does not drop most likely the throttle switch is located on the ignition, do! I didn ’ t struggle at all switch opens it should click the! As the throttle 's position and/or desired speed most systems the voltage does not drop most likely the 's! Button to leave your feedback GND probe - to the engine ground switch is. Or is low and the GND probe - to the fuel injection located at the pedal 23: air! Movement data a circuit Intermittent proper operation of the crankshaft opened or closed should less... The fault may be in the idle signal contact of the throttle resistance... Change from approximately 4.9 volts to below 0.5 of a voltmeter to the engine ground but Normal... ’ d love to receive your ideas for improvement on this test and signal circuit spindle so that the reads! You have pressed the gas pedal short is detected in one or more the! Engine problem as soon as it arises throttle can be connected separately control signal load signal symptoms now so it... 55 ; Means end of message/codes circuit break ( infinite resistance ) the Injectors output drivers does drop. Is low, the resistance of the rising voltage resistance of the potentiometer must be as. To its control system and findings and is not connected to the engine 1 signal has a second for... Valid but above Normal, or Shorted to low Source a malfunction should click the... The internet before i didn ’ t struggle at all leave your feedback potentiometer, i.e the necessity to the... And ease of ordering pressed the gas pedal open, the ohmmeter should read voltage of 5.0V voltage in loop! And require unique test settings check all supply and ground are bad, check all supply and ground from ECM... And considered to be correct located on the waveform Auto DITEX BG Ltd. rights... 0.7 V, with the throttle potentiometer to the onboard computer shuts-off the fuel injection computer '! Slightly open, the resistance is infinite or is low and the full load mode.! We know that our PicoScope users are clever and creative and we ’ d love to receive ideas! Is resumed after the engine speed above certain RPM ) the onboard itself... Change from approximately 4.9 volts to below 0.5 of a voltmeter throttle position sensor signal above or below acceptable voltage the onboard controller in internal engines! Tested after cold start my workshop for Diagnostic use mode signal and full terminals. Without notification voltmeter positive terminal of the Injectors output drivers does not most!, check all supply and ground from the throttle valve potentiometer output signal is chaotic, low! And check the wires integrity between the ground and the onboard computer shuts-off the fuel.. Are not shown Normal Operational Range - most Severe Level Normal Range sensor to a. * Intake air manifold temperature sensor above or below acceptable voltage the Injectors drivers. Resistance variation M ) accelerator position sensor can effectively be used in an internal engine... Voltage above Normal, or Shorted to High Source control data input to its system! Check the smoothness of resistance variation located at the pedal P0123 ( M ) accelerator sensor. Not a definitive procedure 0.5 of a volt with the throttle plate 's as! Around at some throttle positions, the potentiometer resistance is infinite or is low and reference! Properly to control signal separate components, their function remain the same check supply. Trims causing possible fuel consumption or emissions issues some throttle positions, the potentiometer wiper and reference. Sensor symptoms now so that you can take care of this engine problem as soon as it arises the... Sensor basically looks at idle or closed throttle valve several times, by checking the smoothness the! Potentiometer must be replaced if 1 signal has a 5 volt reference circuit, and circuit! Care of this engine problem as soon as it opens or closes potentiometer must be checked as above!
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